Nanopharmaceuticals: A New Perspective of Drug Delivery System

Nano-sized objects can be transformed in numerous ways to alter their characteristics. Drug molecules sized in nanometre range provide some unique features which can lead to prolonged circulation, improved drug localization, enhanced drug efficacy etc.; and these increased performance come through a variety of dosage forms. In fact, wide spectrum application of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical formulations is changing the scientific landscape of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Various pharmaceutical nanotechnology based systems which can be termed as Nanopharmaceuticals like liposomes, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, dendrimaers, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles etc. have brought about revolutionary changes in drug delivery as well as the total medical service system. The present review summarizes the most important applications of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems.

Nanotechnology can be defined as the science of material featuring between 10–9 and 10–7 of a meter. To be more application oriented, Nanotechnology is circumscribed as the science of materials and devices whose structures and constituents demonstrate novel and considerably altered physical, chemical and biological phenomenon due to their nanoscale size. In a report by European Science Foundation (ESF), Nanomedicine was defined as ‘the science and technology of diagnosing, treating and preventing disease and traumatic injury, of relieving pain, and of preserving and improving human health, using molecular tools and molecular knowledge of the human body.’ This resembles the definition given by the US NIH, ‘Nanomedicine refers to highly specific medical intervention at the molecular scale for curing diseases or repairing damaged tissues, such as bone, muscle, or nerve.’ The ESF specified five sub-disciplines of nanomedicines, which in many ways are overlapping. These are Analytical tools, Nanoimaging tools, Nanomaterials and Nanodevices, Clinical and toxicological issues and Novel therapeutics and drug delivery systems. Here we are going to discuss specifically about drug delivery systems and novel therapeutics based on Nanotechnology.

Richard Feynman rightly said that there is plenty of room at the bottom. And as our review presents the most important uses of nanotechnology in drug delivery, we understand the wide spread applications of nanotechnology for betterment of human life. Numerous problems related to drug delivery, especially in cancer therapy, has been addressed successfully by nanotechnology; which engenders new hope within us. But, more studies on toxicology and immune systems induction should be carried out for implementation of these new technologies into mainstream health services.

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With Regards,

Annie Grace Sarah

Editorial Assistant

Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science